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·  ^ Professor Heather Ashton (2002). "Benzodiazepines: How They Work and How to Withdraw". http://www.benzo.org.uk/manual/bzcha03.htm. 

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·  ^ The American Medical Association "Definitions"

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·  ^ a b Cabinet Office Strategy Unit Alcohol misuse: How much does it cost? September 2003

·  ^ WHO European Ministerial Conference on Young People and Alcohol

·  ^ WHO to meet beverage company representatives to discuss health-related alcohol issues

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·  ^ CAGE Questionnaire (PDF)

·  ^ Alcohol Dependence Data Questionnaire (SADD)

·  ^ Michigan Alcohol Screening Test (MAST)

·  ^ AUDIT: The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test: Guidelines for Use in Primary Care

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^ Leckman & Cohen (1999), p. 37. "For example, individuals who were misunderstood and punished at home and at school for their tics or who were teased mercilessly by peers and stigmatized by their communities will fare worse than a child whose interpersonal environment was more understanding and supportive."
^ Cohen DJ, Leckman JF, Pauls D. "Neuropsychiatric disorders of childhood: Tourette’s syndrome as a model". Acta Paediatr Suppl 422; 106–11, Scandinavian University Press, 1997. "The individuals with TS who do the best, we believe, are: those who have been able to feel relatively good about themselves and remain close to their families; those who have the capacity for humor and for friendship; those who are less burdened by troubles with attention and behavior, particularly aggression; and those who have not had development derailed by medication."
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^ Bagheri, Kerbeshian and Burd (1999) report that TS is "three to nine times more frequent in males than in females". Zinner (2000) says, "Data from most studies suggest ... [a] male:female ratio typically ranging from 2:1 to 4:1." Leckman & Cohen (1999), p. 180, Table 10.1 report a range based on six studies of 1.6:1 to 9.3:1 male:female ratio. Robertson part 1 (2008), p. 465 says, "All studies agree that GTS occurs more in males than in females, with a figure of approximately 4:1." The most commonly reported ratio (3:1 to 4:1) is from the Tourette Syndrome Association's "What is Tourette syndrome?" and the NINDS/NIH Tourette Syndrome Fact Sheet.
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·  ^ Violence and schizophrenia:

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Barbour and Allen B. Caring for Patients: a Critique of the Medical Model. Stanford, Ca.: Stanford University Press, 1995. This book relegates the medical model of illness to at least a less primary role in the conceptualisation and treatment of problems. The author argues that "when applied without perspective" the medical model and discrete diagnostics are invalid, and that "a better understanding of the relation of the illness to the life of the patient" can obviate many of the problems the model otherwise incurs.
Bean, Philip. Mental Illness: Changes and Trends. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1983. A collection of interdisciplinary articles discussing various and varied issues in mental health, including the difficulty of a "scientific" psychiatry, and the effects of diagnosis on patients, and a fleshing out of the difficulties implied by finding a definition for normality.
Barker, Philip (2004). Basic Child Psychiatry. Blackwell.
Beck, A.T. et al. Reliability of Psychiatric Diagnosis. American Journal of Psychiatry v. 119 (October), pp. 351-357. A research study assessing the degree of diagnostic agreement among 4 psychiatrists diagnosing patients in an inpatient facility. Results showed a level of concordance of 54%, high enough to be clearly non-random, but low enough to raise questions about the utility of diagnostics as a treatment or research tool.
Boorse, Christopher. "What a Theory of Mental Health Should Be." Journal of the Theory of Social Behavior, 6 (1976): 61-84.
Costello, Anthony J. (1986). Assessment And Diagnosis Of Affective Disorders In Children Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 27 (5), 565–574.
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Mehlman, B. "The Reliability of Psychiatric Diagnosis." Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology v. 47 (1952), pp. 577-578. A study showing that individual psychiatrists have individualised patterns of diagnosis which vary from psychiatrist to psychiatrist. This indicates the degree to which subjectivity enters into diagnosis even at the level of implementation, much less formulation.
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^ http://www.huntington.pl/artykuly/iha/2008-08/20080825%20Testing%20psychiatric%20medication%20in%20children.doc.