References - Obstetrics

  ^ Lam CM, Wong SF, Chow KM, Ho LC (2000). "Women with placenta praevia and antepartum haemorrhage have a worse outcome than those who do not bleed before delivery". Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 20 (1): 27–31. doi:10.1080/01443610063417. PMID 15512459.

Hypertension and Women
What is Gestational Hypertension
·  ^ Maternal Mortality in Central Asia, Central Asia Health Review (CAHR), 2 June, 2008

·  ^ Koonin, Lisa M.; Hani K. Atrash, Roger W. Rochat, Jack C. Smith (12/1/1988). "Maternal Mortality Surveillance, United States, 1980–1985". MMWR 37 (SS-5): 19–29. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwR/preview/mmwrhtml/00001754.htm. 

·  ^ Deneux-Tharaux, D; Berg C, Bouvier-Colle MH, Gissler M, Harper M, Nannini A, Alexander S, Wildman K, Breart G, Buekens P. (2005). "Underreporting of Pregnancy-Related Mortality in the United States and Europe". Obstet Gynecol 106: 684–692. 

·  ^ Monitor of Goal 5 of the Millenium Development Goals, access date=08-26-2008

·  ^ The commonest causes of anaemia are poor nutrition, iron and other micronutrient deficiencies, malaria, hookworm and schistosomiasis (2005 WHO report p45).

·  ^ NourNM (2008). "An Introduction to Maternal Mortality". Reviews in Ob Gyn 1: 77–81. 

·  ^ Maternal Mortality in Central Asia, Central Asia Health Review (CAHR), 2 June, 2008.

·  ^ [ http://www.who.int/whosis/mme_2005.pdf Maternal Mortality in 2005], access date=08-230-2008

·  ^ Thaddeus, S; Maine D (1994). "Too far to walk: Maternal mortality in context". Social Science & Medicine 38 (8): 1091–1110. doi:10.1016/0277-9536(94)90226-7. 

·  ^ See for instance mortality rates at the Dublin Maternity Hospital 1784–1849

·  ^ [ http://www.who.int/whosis/mme_2005.pdf Maternal Mortality in 2005], access date=08-230-2008

·  ^ Costello, A; Azad K, Barnett S (2006). "An alternative study to reduce maternal mortality.". The Lancet 368: 1477–1479. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69388-4. 

·  ^ Rosenfield, A; Min CJ, Freedman LP (2007). "Making motherhood safe in developing countries". England Journal of Medicine 356: 1395–1397. doi:10.1056/NEJMp078026.

·  ^ Johnson JM, Chauhan SP, Ennen CS, Niederhauser A, Magann EF (2007). "A comparison of 3 criteria of oligohydramnios in identifying peripartum complications: a secondary analysis". Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 197 (2): 207.e1–7; discussion 207.e7–8. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2007.04.048. PMID 17689653. 

·  ^ Elsandabesee D, Majumdar S, Sinha S (2007). "Obstetricians' attitudes towards 'isolated' oligohydramnios at term". Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 27 (6): 574–6. doi:10.1080/01443610701469669. PMID 17896253.

^ Anderson JM, Etches D. (15). "Prevention and Management of Postpartum Hemorrhage". American Family Physician 75 (6): 875–882. PMID 17390600. http://www.aafp.org/afp/20070315/875.html. Retrieved on 2007-12-01. [A discussion of postpartum hemorrhage, including how to identify, manage and prevent it. Lay summary]. 
^ Derman RJ, Kadkany BS, Goudar SS, Geller SE, Naik VA, Bellad MB, et el. Oral misoprostol in preventing postpartum hemorrhage in resource-poor communities: a randomized controlled trial. The Lancet 2006; 368:1248-53.
^ Patel A, Gouder SS, Geller S, Kodkany BS, Edlavitch SA, Wagh K, et al. Drape estimation versus visual assessment for estimating postpartum hemorrhage. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics 2006; 93:220-4.
^ Miller S, Turan JM, Dau K, Fathalla M, Mourad M, Sutherland T, et al. Use of the non-pneumatic anti-shock garment (NASG) to reduce blood loss and time to recovery from shock for women with obstetric haemorrhage in Egypt. Global Public Health 2007; 2:110-24.
National Center for Health Statistics, as quoted in: Danforth’s Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ninth Edition. Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA. 2003. ISBN 0-7817-3730-3
World Health Organization Definition [2]
Richardus JH, Graafmans WC, Verloove-Vanhorick SP, Mackenbach JP. The perinatal mortality rate as an indicator of quality of care in international comparisons. Med Care. 1998 Jan;36(1):54-66 PMID 9431331
 

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestational_hypertension

^ Piantelli G, Bedocchi L, Cavicchioni O, et al (2004). "Amnioreduction for treatment of severe polyhydramnios". Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis 75 Suppl 1: 56–8. PMID 15301292.

·  ^ Department of Reproductive Health and Research , World Health Organization (2003). "Managing Complications in Pregnancy and Childbirth - A guide for midwives and doctors". http://www.who.int/reproductive-health/impac/Symptoms/Vaginal_bleeding_early_S7_S16.html. Retrieved on 2009-04-07.  NB: This definition is subject to regional differences, see miscarriage.

·  ^ a b "Q&A: Miscarriage". BBC. 2002-08-06. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/2176898.stm. Retrieved on 2009-04-07. 

·  ^ Edmonds DK, Lindsay KS, Miller JF, Williamson E, Wood PJ (1982). "Early embryonic mortality in women". Fertil. Steril. 38 (4): 447–53. PMID 7117572. 

·  ^ Nilsson, Lennart; Lars Hamberger (1990). A child is born. Garden City, New York: Doubleday. p. 91. ISBN 0-385-40085-3. OCLC 21412111. 

·  ^ Jauniaux, E.; P. Kaminopetros and H. El-Rafaey (1999). "Early pregnancy loss". in Martin J. Whittle and C. H. Rodeck. Fetal medicine: basic science and clinical practice. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. p. 836. ISBN 0-443-05357-X. OCLC 42792567. 

·  ^ a b Stöppler, Melissa Conrad; William C. Shiel, Jr., ed.. "Miscarriage (Spontaneous Abortion)". MedicineNet.com. http://www.medicinenet.com/miscarriage/page1.htm. Retrieved on 2009-04-07. 

·  ^ a b Jauniaux, E.; P. Kaminopetros and H. El-Rafaey (1999). "Early pregnancy loss". in Martin J. Whittle and C. H. Rodeck. Fetal medicine: basic science and clinical practice. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. p. 837. ISBN 0-443-05357-X. OCLC 42792567. 

·  ^ "Fetal Homicide Laws". National Conference of State Legislatures. http://www.ncsl.org/programs/health/fethom.htm. Retrieved on 2009-04-07. 

·  ^ Menikoff, Jerry. Law and Bioethics, page 78 (Georgetown University Press 2001): "As the fetus grows in size, however, the vacuum aspiration method becomes increasingly difficult to use."

·  ^ a b c d Roche, Natalie E. (2004). Therapeutic Abortion. Retrieved 2006-03-08.

·  ^ Encyclopedia Britannica, (2007), Vol 26, page 674

·  ^ Strauss LT, Gamble SB, Parker WY, Cook DA, Zane SB, Hamdan S (November 2007). "Abortion surveillance--United States, 2004". MMWR Surveill Summ 56 (9): 1–33. PMID 18030283. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5609a1.htm. 

·  ^ Spitz, I.M. et al (1998). "Early pregnancy termination with mifepristone and misoprostol in the United States". New England Journal of Medicine 338 (18): 1241. doi:10.1056/NEJM199804303381801. PMID 9562577. 

·  ^ Healthwise (2004). "Manual and vacuum aspiration for abortion". WebMD. http://www.webmd.com/hw/womens_conditions/tw1078.asp#tw1112. Retrieved on 2008-12-05. 

·  ^ World Health Organization (2003). "Dilatation and curettage". Managing Complications in Pregnancy and Childbirth: A Guide for Midwives and Doctors. Geneva: World Health Organization. ISBN 92-4-154587-9. OCLC 181845530. 

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·  ^ Dommergues M, Cahen F, Garel M, Mahieu-Caputo D, Dumez Y (2003). "Feticide during second- and third-trimester termination of pregnancy: opinions of health care professionals". Fetal. Diagn. Ther. 18 (2): 91–7. doi:10.1159/000068068. PMID 12576743. http://content.karger.com/produktedb/produkte.asp?typ=fulltext&file=fdt18091. Retrieved on 2008-12-03. 

·  ^ Bhide A, Sairam S, Hollis B, Thilaganathan B (September 2002). "Comparison of feticide carried out by cordocentesis versus cardiac puncture". Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 20 (3): 230–2. doi:10.1046/j.1469-0705.2002.00797.x. PMID 12230443. 

·  ^ Senat MV, Fischer C, Bernard JP, Ville Y (March 2003). "The use of lidocaine for fetocide in late termination of pregnancy". BJOG 110 (3): 296–300. doi:10.1046/j.1471-0528.2003.02217.x. PMID 12628271. http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/openurl?genre=article&sid=nlm:pubmed&issn=1470-0328&date=2003&volume=110&issue=3&spage=296. Retrieved on 2008-12-03. 

·  ^ Senat MV, Fischer C, Ville Y (May 2002). "Funipuncture for fetocide in late termination of pregnancy". Prenat. Diagn. 22 (5): 354–6. doi:10.1002/pd.290. PMID 12001185. 

·  ^ Nuffield Council on Bioethics (2006). "Clinical perspectives (Continued)". Critical Case Decisions in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine: Ethical Issues. Nuffield Council on Bioethics. ISBN 1-904384-14-5. OCLC 85782378. 

·  ^ Potts, M. et al. "Thousand-year-old depictions of massage abortion," Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care, volume 33, page 234 (2007): “at Angkor, the operator is a demon.” Also see Mould, R. Mould's Medical Anecdotes, page 406 (CRC Press 1996).

·  ^ Riddle, John M. (1997). Eve's herbs: a history of contraception and abortion in the West. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-27024-X. OCLC 36126503. [page needed]

·  ^ Ciganda C, Laborde A (2003). "Herbal infusions used for induced abortion". J. Toxicol. Clin. Toxicol. 41 (3): 235–9. doi:10.1081/CLT-120021104. PMID 12807304. 

·  ^ Education for Choice. (2005-05-06). http://www.efc.org.uk/Foryoungpeople/Factsaboutabortion/Unsafeabortion[dead link] Unsafe abortion. Retrieved 2006-01-11.

·  ^ a b Potts, Malcolm; Martha Campbell (2002). "History of Contraception". Gynecology and Obstetrics 6 (8). 

·  ^ Thapa SR, Rimal D, Preston J (September 2006). "Self induction of abortion with instrumentation". Aust Fam Physician 35 (9): 697–8. PMID 16969439. http://www.racgp.org.au/afp/200609/11015. Retrieved on 2008-12-04. 

·  ^ Henshaw, Stanley K. (June 1990). "Induced Abortion: A World Review, 1990". International Family Planning Perspectives 23 (2): 246–252. 

·  ^ Grimes DA (1994). "The morbidity and mortality of pregnancy: still risky business". Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 170 (5 Pt 2): 1489–94. PMID 8178896. 

·  ^ World Health Organization (1997). Medical Methods for Termination of Pregnancy: Report of a Who Scientific Group. Who Technical Report Series No. 871. Geneva: World Health Organization. ISBN 92-4-120871-6. OCLC 38276325. [page needed]

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·  ^ Bartley J, Tong S, Everington D, Baird DT (2000). "Parity is a major determinant of success rate in medical abortion: a retrospective analysis of 3161 consecutive cases of early medical abortion treated with reduced doses of mifepristone and vaginal gemeprost". Contraception 62 (6): 297–303. doi:10.1016/S0010-7824(00)00187-6. PMID 11239616. 

·  ^ Smith GM, Stubblefield PG, Chirchirillo L, McCarthy MJ (1979). "Pain of first-trimester abortion: its quantification and relations with other variables". Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 133 (5): 489–98. PMID 443287. 

·  ^ Women's Center Medical[unreliable source?]

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·  ^ "Post-Abortion Politics" NOW with David Brancaccio on PBS

·  ^ a b Mooney, Chris (October 2004). "Research and Destroy: How the religious right promotes its own 'experts' to combat mainstream science". Washington Monthly. http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/features/2004/0410.mooney.html. Retrieved on 2008-12-03. 

·  ^ a b "More on Koop's Study of Abortion". Family Planning Perspectives (Guttmacher Institute) 22 (1): 36–39. January/February 1990. doi:10.2307/2135437. http://www.jstor.org/pss/2135437. 

·  ^ AdlerNE, David HP, Major BN, Roth SH, RussoNF, Wyatt GE (1990). "Psychological responses after abortion". Science 248 (4951): 41–4. doi:10.1126/science.2181664. PMID 2181664. 

·  ^ Edwards, S. (July/August 1997). "Abortion study finds no long-term ill effects on emotional well-being". Family Planning Perspectives 29: 193. doi:10.2307/2953388. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3634/is_199707/ai_n8772240. Retrieved on 2008-12-03. 

·  ^ Report of the APA Task Force on Mental Health and Abortion APA (August 13, 2008)

·  ^ Carey, Benedict (2008-08-12). "Abortion Does Not Cause Mental Illness". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/08/13/health/research/13brfs-ABORTIONDOES_BRF.html. Retrieved on 2008-12-03. 

·  ^ Charles, VE; Polis CB, SridharaSK, Blum RW (December 2008). "Abortion and long-term mental health outcomes: a systematic review of the evidence.". Contraception (Elsevier) 78 (6): 436-50. ISSN 0010-7824. http://www.jhsph.edu/adolescenthealth/_includes/Charles_2008_Contraception.pdf. 

·  ^ Grimes DA, Creinin MD (2004). "Induced abortion: an overview for internists". Ann. Intern. Med. 140 (8): 620–6. doi:10.1001/archinte.140.5.620. PMID 15096333. "Abortion does not lead to an increased risk for breast cancer or other late psychiatric or medical sequelae. …The alleged 'postabortion trauma syndrome' does not exist.". 

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·  ^ Stotland NL (October 1992). "The myth of the abortion trauma syndrome". JAMA 268 (15): 2078–9. doi:10.1001/jama.268.15.2078. PMID 1404747. 

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·  ^ Jones, Rachel K., Darroch, Jacqueline E., Henshaw, Stanley K. (2002). Contraceptive Use Among U.S. Women Having Abortions in 2000–2001. Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 34 (6). Retrieved June 15, 2006.

·  ^ Susan A. Cohen: Abortion and Women of Color: The Bigger Picture, Guttmacher Policy Review, Summer 2008, Volume 11, Number 3

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^ C.M. Farquhar, Ectopic Pregnancy, Lancet 366 (2005), p. 583.[1]
^ J Indian Med Assoc. 2007 Jun;105(6):308, 310, 312 passim[2]
^ "BestBets: Risk Factors for Ectopic Pregnancy". http://www.bestbets.org/bets/bet.php?id=921. 
^ Spiegelberg's criteria at Who Named It?
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^ ""Bowel baby born safely". BBC news. 2005-03-09. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/671390.stm. Retrieved on 2006-11-10. 
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^ Case of Olivia, Mary and Ronan. Doctors hail 'miracle' baby BBC News.
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^ Abrão RA, de Andrade JM, Tiezzi DG, Marana HR, Dos Reis FJ, Clagnan WS (2007). "Treatment for low-risk gestational trophoblastic disease: Comparison of single-agent methotrexate, dactinomycin and combination regimens". Gynecologic Oncology 108: 149. doi:10.1016/j.ygyno.2007.09.006. PMID 17931696.

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^ a b Birth Defects Research. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
·         CDC’s National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities

·         The National Library of Medicine or MEDLINE/PubMed MeSH (medical subject heading) term

·         Birth Defects Are Preventable

·         James F. Crow, "The High Spontaneous Mutation Rate: Is it a Health Risk?"

·         American College of Medical Genetics

WHO: Managing Complications in Pregnancy and Childbirth: Manual removal of placenta
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·  ^ ((cite web | author www.birth.com.au | year = 2004 | month = October | title=miscarriage | url=http://www.birth.com.au/Info.asp?class=6620&page=13 | accessdate = 2009-03-0))

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taken word-for-word from pp. 347-9 of:
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Khattab S, Mohsen IA, Foutouh IA, Ramadan A, Moaz M, Al-Inany H (2006). "Metformin reduces abortion in pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome". Gynecol. Endocrinol. 22 (12): 680–4. doi:10.1080/09513590601010508. PMID 17162710. 

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Grady, Denise (January 20, 2008). "Study Sees Caffeine Possibly Tied to Miscarriages". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/01/20/health/20cnd-caffeine.html?_r=1&bl&ex=1201150800&en=0019b93b4bb1c219&ei=5087%0A. Retrieved on 2008-01-23. 

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"Studies Examine Effects Of Caffeine Consumption On Miscarriage Risk". Medical News Today. 2008-01-23. http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/94764.php. Retrieved on 2008-02-16. 

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·  ^ Q&A: Miscarriage. (August 6 , 2002). BBC News. Retrieved January 17, 2007. Also see Lennart Nilsson, A Child is Born 91 (1990)(At eight weeks, "the danger of a miscarriage . . . diminishes sharply.")

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·  ^ Miscarriage Standard Code of Practice

·  ^ David Vernon (2005). "Having a Great Birth in Australia". http://web.mac.com/david.vernon/iWeb/Having%20a%20Great%20Birth%20in%20Australia/Welcome%20-%20Great%20Birth.html. 

·  ^ Spencer, James. Sheep Husbandry in Canada, page 124 (1911).

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·  ^ Fraser-Smith, AC. "Male-induced pregnancy termination in the prairie vole, Microtus ochrogaster". Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) 187 (4182): 1211-1213. http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/abstract/187/4182/1211. 

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^ Usui R, Matsubara S, Ohkuchi A, et al (2007). "Fetal heart rate pattern reflecting the severity of placental abruption". Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 277: 249. doi:10.1007/s00404-007-0471-9. PMID 17896112. 
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^ a b c Drife JO, Magowan (eds). Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology, chapter 39, pp 367-370. ISBN 0-7020-1775-2.
^ Robbins and Cotran, Pathological Basis of Disease, 7th ed.
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