References - Cardiovascular medicine

MDCT - The radiology information resource for Cardiologists, Radiologists, Cardiac and Radiologic Techs - A Free Resource For Cardiac Imaging
RadiologyInfo - The radiology information resource for patients: Angiography procedures
Cardiac Catheterization from Angioplasty.Org
Angiography Equipment from Siemens Medical
Cardiovascular and Interventional Radiological Society of Europe
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·  ^ "Use of Cardiac Markers in the Emergency Department: - eMedicine". http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/811905-overview. Retrieved on 2009-01-06. 

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2D-FT NMRI Instrument image: A JPG color image of a 2D-FT NMRI `monster' Instrument.
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Jean Jeener. 1971. Two-dimensional Fourier Transform NMR, presented at an Ampere International Summer School, Basko Polje, unpublished. A verbatim quote follows from Richard R. Ernst's Nobel Laureate Lecture delivered on December 2, 1992, "A new approach to measure two-dimensional (2D) spectra." has been proposed by Jean Jeener at an Ampere Summer School in Basko Polje, Yugoslavia, 1971 (Jean Jeneer,1971}). He suggested a 2D Fourier transform experiment consisting of two $\pi/2$ pulses with a variable time $t_1$ between the pulses and the time variable $t_2$ measuring the time elapsed after the second pulse as shown in Fig. 6 that expands the principles of Fig. 1. Measuring the response $s(t_1,t_2)$ of the two-pulse sequence and Fourier-transformation with respect to both time variables produces a two-dimensional spectrum $S(O_1,O_2)$ of the desired form. This two-pulse experiment by Jean Jeener is the forefather of a whole class of $2D$ experiments that can also easily be expanded to multidimensional spectroscopy.
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·  ^ Nichol G, McAlister F, Pham B, Laupacis A, Shea B, Green M, Tang A, Wells G (2002). "Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of the effectiveness of antiarrhythmic agents at promoting sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation". Heart 87 (6): 535–43. doi:10.1136/heart.87.6.535. PMID 12010934. 

·  ^ Wyse DG, Morganroth J, Ledingham R, Denes P, Hallstrom A, Mitchell LB, Epstein AE, Woosley RL, Capone R (1994). "New insights into the definition and meaning of proarrhythmia during initiation of antiarrhythmic drug therapy from the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial and its pilot study. The CAST and CAPS Investigators". J Am Coll Cardiol. 23 (5): 1130-40. PMID 8144779. 

·  ^ "Effect of the antiarrhythmic agent moricizine on survival after myocardial infarction. The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial II Investigators". N Engl J Med 327 (4): 227–33. 1992. PMID 1377359. 

·  ^ Vaughan Williams EM. "Classification of anti-arrhythmic drugs." In: Symposium on Cardiac Arrhythmias, Sandfte E, Flensted-Jensen E, Olesen KH eds. Sweden, AB ASTRA, Södertälje, 1970;449-472.

·  ^ Unless else specified in boxes, then ref is: Rang, H. P. (2003). Pharmacology. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 0-443-07145-4. 

·  ^ Kulmatycki KM, Abouchehade K, Sattari S, Jamali F (May 2001). "Drug-disease interactions: reduced beta-adrenergic and potassium channel antagonist activities of sotalol in the presence of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions in the rat". Br. J. Pharmacol. 133 (2): 286–94. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0704067. PMID 11350865. 

·  ^ Milne JR, Hellestrand KJ, Bexton RS, Burnett PJ, DebbasNM, Camm AJ (February 1984). "Class 1 antiarrhythmic drugs--characteristic electrocardiographic differences when assessed by atrial and ventricular pacing". Eur. Heart J. 5 (2): 99–107. PMID 6723689. http://eurheartj.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=6723689. 

·  ^ Trevor, Anthony J.; Katzung, Bertram G. (2003). Pharmacology. New York: Lange Medical Books/McGraw-Hill, Medical Publishing Division. pp. 43. ISBN 0-07-139930-5. 

·  ^ Lenz TL, Hilleman DE, Department of Cardiology, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska. Dofetilide, a New Class III Antiarrhythmic Agent. Pharmacotherapy 20(7):776-786, 2000. (Medline abstract)

·  ^ Fogoros, Richard N. (1999). Electrophysiologic testing. Oxford: Blackwell Science. pp. 27. ISBN 0-632-04325-3. 

·  ^ Conti JB, Belardinelli L, Utterback DB, Curtis AB (March 1995). "Endogenous adenosine is an antiarrhythmic agent". Circulation 91 (6): 1761–7. PMID 7882485. http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=7882485. 

·  ^ Brugada P (July 2000). "Magnesium: an antiarrhythmic drug, but only against very specific arrhythmias". Eur. Heart J. 21 (14): 1116. doi:10.1053/euhj.2000.2142. PMID 10924290. http://eurheartj.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=10924290. 

·  ^ Hoshino K, Ogawa K, Hishitani T, Isobe T, Eto Y (October 2004). "Optimal administration dosage of magnesium sulfate for torsades de pointes in children with long QT syndrome". J Am Coll Nutr 23 (5): 497S–500S. PMID 15466950. http://www.jacn.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=15466950. 

·  ^ Hoshino K, Ogawa K, Hishitani T, Isobe T, Etoh Y (April 2006). "Successful uses of magnesium sulfate for torsades de pointes in children with long QT syndrome". Pediatr Int 48 (2): 112–7. doi:10.1111/j.1442-200X.2006.02177.x. PMID 16635167. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/resolve/openurl?genre=article&sid=nlm:pubmed&issn=1328-8067&date=2006&volume=48&issue=2&spage=112. 

·  ^ "The 'Sicilian Gambit'. A new approach to the classification of antiarrhythmic drugs based on their actions on arrhythmogenic mechanisms. The Task Force of the Working Group on Arrhythmias of the European Society of Cardiology". Eur. Heart J. 12 (10): 1112–31. October 1991. PMID 1723682. http://eurheartj.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=1723682. 

·  ^ Vaughan Williams EM (November 1992). "Classifying antiarrhythmic actions: by facts or speculation". J Clin Pharmacol 32 (11): 964–77. PMID 1474169. http://jcp.sagepub.com/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=1474169. 

·  ^ "Milestones in the Evolution of the Study of Arrhythmias". http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/412798_3. Retrieved on 2008-07-31. 

·  ^ Fogoros, Richard N. (1997). Antiarrhythmic drugs: a practical guide. Oxford: Blackwell Science. pp. 49. ISBN 0-86542-532-9. 

·  ^ Entry on Clinical Trials.gov

·  ^ "Dr. D. George Wyse - antiarrhythmic drugs". http://www.calgaryhealthregion.ca/newslink/region_news/2007/2007-08-17_george_wyse.html. Retrieved on 2008-08-27.

·  ^ by Alexander G.G. Turpie, MD. "Deep Venous Thrombosis - The Merck's Manuals Online Medical Library". http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec07/ch081/ch081b.html?qt=dvt&alt=sh#sec07-ch081-ch081b-1775. 

·  ^ Rosendall FR. (2005). "Venous Thrombosis: the role of genes, environment, and behavior.". Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program: 1–12. PMID 16304352. 

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·  ^ Tsai A, Cushman M, Rosamond W, Heckbert S, Polak J, Folsom A (2002). "Cardiovascular risk factors and venous thromboembolism incidence: the longitudinal investigation of thromboembolism etiology". Arch Intern Med 162 (10): 1182–9. doi:10.1001/archinte.162.10.1182. PMID 12020191. 

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·  ^ Wells PS, Anderson DR, Rodger M, et al (2003). "Evaluation of D-dimer in the diagnosis of suspected deep-vein thrombosis". N. Engl. J. Med. 349 (13): 1227–35. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa023153. PMID 14507948. 

·  ^ Bates SM, Kearon C, Crowther M, et al (2003). "A diagnostic strategy involving a quantitative latex D-dimer assay reliably excludes deep venous thrombosis". Ann. Intern. Med. 138 (10): 787–94. PMID 12755550. 

·  ^ Othieno R, Abu Affan M, Okpo E (2007). "Home versus in-patient treatment for deep vein thrombosis". Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online) (3): CD003076. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003076.pub2. PMID 17636714. 

·  ^ Trujillo-Santos J, Herrera S, Page MA, et al (2006). "Predicting adverse outcome in outpatients with acute deep vein thrombosis. findings from the RIETE Registry". J. Vasc. Surg. 44 (4): 789–93. doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2006.06.032. PMID 16926081. 

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·  ^ Hutten BA, Prins MH (2006). "Duration of treatment with vitamin K antagonists in symptomatic venous thromboembolism". Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online) (1): CD001367. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001367.pub2. PMID 16437432. 

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·  ^ Watson L, Armon M (2004). "Thrombolysis for acute deep vein thrombosis". Cochrane Database Syst Rev: CD002783. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002783.pub2. PMID 15495034. 

·  ^ Prandoni P, Lensing AW, Prins MH, et al (2004). "Below-knee elastic compression stockings to prevent the post-thrombotic syndrome: a randomized, controlled trial". Ann. Intern. Med. 141 (4): 249–56. PMID 15313740. 

·  ^ Kolbach D, Sandbrink M, Hamulyak K, Neumann H, Prins M (2003). "Non-pharmaceutical measures for prevention of post-thrombotic syndrome". Cochrane Database Syst Rev: CD004174. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004174.pub2. PMID 14974060. 

·  ^ Kakkos S, Daskalopoulou S, Daskalopoulos M, Nicolaides A, Geroulakos G (2006). "Review on the value of graduated elastic compression stockings after deep vein thrombosis". Thromb Haemost 96 (4): 441–5. PMID 17003920. 

·  ^ Decousus H, Leizorovicz A, Parent F, Page Y, Tardy B, Girard P, Laporte S, Faivre R, Charbonnier B, Barral F, Huet Y, Simonneau G (1998). "A clinical trial of vena caval filters in the prevention of pulmonary embolism in patients with proximal deep-vein thrombosis. Prévention du Risque d'Embolie Pulmonaire par Interruption Cave Study Group". N Engl J Med 338 (7): 409–15. doi:10.1056/NEJM199802123380701. PMID 9459643. 

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·  ^ a b Geerts WH, Pineo GF, Heit JA, et al (September 2004). "Prevention of venous thromboembolism: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy". Chest 126 (3 Suppl): 338S–400S. doi:10.1378/chest.126.3_suppl.338S. PMID 15383478. 

·  ^ King CS, HolleyAB, Jackson JL, Shorr AF, Moores LK (2007). "Twice vs three times daily heparin dosing for thromboembolism prophylaxis in the general medical population: A metaanalysis". Chest 131 (2): 507–16. doi:10.1378/chest.06-1861. PMID 17296655. 

·  ^ Wein L, Wein S, Haas SJ, Shaw J, Krum H (2007). "Pharmacological Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis in Hospitalized Medical Patients: A Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials". Archives of Internal Medicine 167 (14): 1476–1486. doi:10.1001/archinte.167.14.1476. PMID 17646601. 

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·  ^ Dentali F, Douketis JD, Gianni M, Lim W, Crowther MA (February 2007). "Meta-analysis: anticoagulant prophylaxis to prevent symptomatic venous thromboembolism in hospitalized medical patients". Ann. Intern. Med. 146 (4): 278–88. PMID 17310052. http://annals.org/cgi/content/full/146/4/278. 

·  ^ Gärdlund B (May 1996). "Randomised, controlled trial of low-dose heparin for prevention of fatal pulmonary embolism in patients with infectious diseases. The Heparin Prophylaxis Study Group". Lancet 347 (9012): 1357–61. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(96)91009-0. PMID 8637340. 

·  ^ Tveit DP, Hypolite IO, Hshieh P, et al (2002). "Chronic dialysis patients have high risk for pulmonary embolism". Am. J. Kidney Dis. 39 (5): 1011–7. doi:10.1053/ajkd.2002.32774. PMID 11979344. 

·  ^ Scurr JH, Machin SJ, Bailey-King S, Mackie IJ, McDonald S, Smith PD (May 2001). "Frequency and prevention of symptomless deep-vein thrombosis in long-haul flights: a randomised trial". Lancet 357 (9267): 1485–9. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)04645-6. PMID 11377600. 

·  ^ "The Surgeon General's Call to Action to Prevent Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism 2008" (PDF). http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/topics/deepvein/calltoaction/call-to-action-on-dvt-2008.pdf. Retrieved on 2008-10-13.

·  ^ Furie B, FurieBC (2008). "Mechanisms of thrombus formation". New England Journal of Medicine 359: 938–949. doi:10.1056/NEJMra0801082. PMID 18753650. 

·  ^ Handin RI (2005). "Chapter 53: bleeding and thrombosis". in Kasper DL, Braunwald E, Fauci AS, et al. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine (16th edition ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-071-39140-1. 

·  ^ Webster, GJ; BurroughsAK, Riordan SM (January 2005). "Review article: portal vein thrombosis -- new insights into aetiology and management". Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics 21 (1): 1–9. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.02301.x. PMID 15644039. http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/118696389/HTMLSTART. 

·  ^ eMedicine Article on Internal Jugular Vein Thrombosis by Dr. Dale K. Mueller|http://www.emedicine.com/med/topic2762.htm

·  ^ Canhão, P; Ferro JM, Lindgren AG et al. (August 2005). "Causes and predictors of death in cerebral venous thrombosis". Stroke 36 (8): 1720–1725. doi:10.1161/01.STR.0000173152.84438.1c. PMID 16002765. http://stroke.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/36/8/1720. 

·  ^ [1]

·  ^ National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Clinical guideline 36: Atrial fibrillation. London, June 2006.

·  ^ a b Hunt BJ (March 2008). "Awareness and politics of venous thromboembolism in the United kingdom". Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. 28 (3): 398–9. doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.108.162586. PMID 18296598. http://atvb.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/28/3/398. 

·  ^ National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Clinical guideline 46: Venous thromboembolism (surgical). London, April 2007.

·  ^ a b Geerts WH, Pineo GF, Heit JA, et al (September 2004). "Prevention of venous thromboembolism: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy". Chest 126 (3 Suppl): 338S–400S. doi:10.1378/chest.126.3_suppl.338S. PMID 15383478. http://www.chestjournal.org/cgi/content/full/126/3_suppl/338S. 

·  ^ Dentali F, Douketis JD, Gianni M, Lim W, Crowther MA (February 2007). "Meta-analysis: anticoagulant prophylaxis to prevent symptomatic venous thromboembolism in hospitalized medical patients" (PDF). Ann. Intern. Med. 146 (4): 278–88. PMID 17310052. http://www.annals.org/cgi/reprint/146/4/278.pdf.

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